{"id":40625,"date":"2026-03-25T10:39:50","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T13:39:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/small-scale-producers-msmes-and-agrifood-clusters-in-africa-and-latin-america-comparative-evidence-from-ten-countries\/"},"modified":"2026-05-04T15:38:32","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T18:38:32","slug":"small-scale-producers-msmes-and-agrifood-clusters-in-africa-and-latin-america-comparative-evidence-from-ten-countries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/en\/small-scale-producers-msmes-and-agrifood-clusters-in-africa-and-latin-america-comparative-evidence-from-ten-countries\/","title":{"rendered":"Small Scale Producers, MSMEs and Agrifood Clusters in Africa and Latin America: Comparative Evidence from Ten Countries"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"40625\" class=\"elementor elementor-40625 elementor-40349\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" 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mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-4588\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4588\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/biblioteca\/policy-brief\/\">\u2022 Policy Brief<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-4589\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4589\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/biblioteca\/infografia\/\">\u2022 Infograf\u00eda<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-2807\" id=\"mega-menu-item-2807\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/biblioteca\/informe-latinoamericano\/\">\u2022 Informe Latinoamericano<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-4590\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4590\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/biblioteca\/libros\/\">\u2022 Libros<\/a><\/li><li 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elementor-element-2b126ffb jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"2b126ffb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2503105d jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"2503105d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cad8184 jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-a2a_share_save_widget\" data-id=\"cad8184\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-a2a_share_save_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\"><a class=\"a2a_button_facebook\" 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target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6679cfe5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"6679cfe5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-214ce51f jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"214ce51f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23593369 elementor-widget-divider--view-line jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23593369\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c6867c4 jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c6867c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Authors<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c094449 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"4c094449\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/rodrigo-ignacio-yanez-rojas\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-user-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Rodrigo Y\u00e1\u00f1ez<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/andres-fuica-barrios\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-user-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Andres Fuica<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-user-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Camila Moraga<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-user-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Carolina Trivelli<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7e87 elementor-widget-divider--view-line jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fd7e87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31b8cb7 jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"31b8cb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"Prrafo\">This report uses harmonized household and enterprise microdata from six sub-Saharan African countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda) and four Latin American countries (Chile, El Salvador, Mexico, Peru) to reassess the role of smallholders in agrifood transformation. We classify small-scale producers (SSPs) by cultivated area and show that they are the dominant group of agricultural producers in all countries. SSPs account for the majority of crop producers and the bulk of agricultural production in our samples, even in diverse settings where medium and large farms are often seen as the main drivers of change. The analysis documents a strong market orientation among PPEs. A large majority of MPEs sell at least part of their crop, many buy modern inputs, and a non-negligible proportion are involved in agri-food and other non-farm MSMEs. This connects them to both output and input markets, rather than leaving them primarily as subsistence producers. We constructed a Cluster Index to capture territorial agri-food dynamism and an Inclusion Index that combines monetary well-being, food security, resilience and women&#8217;s empowerment. The results show that PPEs, and especially commercial PPEs, are concentrated in the most dynamic agri-food clusters. Within these clusters, commercialization and linkages with MSMEs are consistently associated with higher inclusion scores. Taken together, the findings show that small producers remain central to food production, are deeply linked to markets, and operate within spatial clusters that can sustain a more inclusive agri-food transformation.         <\/p><p class=\"Prrafo\">Keywords: Small-scale producers (SSPs), Agrifood transformation, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, Market orientation, MSMEs, Cluster Index, Inclusion Index, Food security, Women\u2019s empowerment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-74ac1e6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"74ac1e6b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5889396b jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"5889396b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b913c7f jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2b913c7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1978\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WD-313-23Marzo2026-1_page-0001-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-40353\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WD-313-23Marzo2026-1_page-0001-scaled.jpg 1978w, https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WD-313-23Marzo2026-1_page-0001-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WD-313-23Marzo2026-1_page-0001-791x1024.jpg 791w, https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WD-313-23Marzo2026-1_page-0001-768x994.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WD-313-23Marzo2026-1_page-0001-1187x1536.jpg 1187w, https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WD-313-23Marzo2026-1_page-0001-1583x2048.jpg 1583w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1978px) 100vw, 1978px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41f65ba3 elementor-align-left jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"41f65ba3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-push\" 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63e0c06 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-alert-info jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-alert\" data-id=\"63e0c06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"alert.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-alert\" role=\"alert\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-alert-title\">Navigation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-177661d3 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"177661d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/en\/library\/working-papers\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-book-reader\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Working Papers<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/en\/library\/policy-brief\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-book-reader\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Policy Brief<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/en\/library\/infographics\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-book-reader\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Infographics<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/en\/library\/latin-american-report\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-book-reader\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Latin American Report<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/en\/library\/books\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-book-reader\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Books<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/en\/library\/documents-in-process\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-book-reader\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Documents in Process<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dataverse.harvard.edu\/dataverse\/rimisp?p=2329446753\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-database\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Database<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-747b89a1 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"747b89a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-300d7ab jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"300d7ab\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4aef9241 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"4aef9241\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2afcbc86 jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"2afcbc86\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b726d12 jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b726d12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rimisp.org\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"417\" src=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Logo-Rimisp-Blanco-EN.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-33575\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Logo-Rimisp-Blanco-EN.png 880w, https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Logo-Rimisp-Blanco-EN-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Logo-Rimisp-Blanco-EN-768x364.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d21d8e8 jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"1d21d8e8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-68552600 jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"68552600\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b69eae1 elementor-shape-square elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"6b69eae1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook elementor-animation-wobble-vertical elementor-repeater-item-c2de816\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Rimisp\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-facebook\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-animation-wobble-vertical elementor-repeater-item-0b2a080\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/rimisp_latinoamerica\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Instagram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-instagram\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-x-twitter elementor-animation-wobble-vertical elementor-repeater-item-9b357d2\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Rimisp\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">X-twitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-x-twitter\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-animation-wobble-vertical elementor-repeater-item-26fa38f\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/usuariorimisp\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Youtube<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-youtube\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-linkedin elementor-animation-wobble-vertical elementor-repeater-item-4cbeb1a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&#038;rct=j&#038;q=&#038;esrc=s&#038;source=web&#038;cd=&#038;ved=2ahUKEwi07LO_r8b-AhUUq5UCHYjAAvIQFnoECA0QAQ&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fcl.linkedin.com%2Fcompany%2Frimisp---centro-latinoamericano-para-el-desarrollo-rural&#038;usg=AOvVaw0mOguo-DNYCLuI96Zkya52\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Linkedin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-linkedin\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce93cc7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ce93cc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-61fd372c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"61fd372c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-34c87fad jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"34c87fad\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e046c1a jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e046c1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our offices:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a2ad9b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"6a2ad9b3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f0d3d52 jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"2f0d3d52\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6991cd6b jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6991cd6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/RIM-Ilustraciones-Chile.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-34550\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/RIM-Ilustraciones-Chile.png 300w, https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/RIM-Ilustraciones-Chile-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2033114a jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"2033114a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e6f235f elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-left elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"3e6f235f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">  Chile: Huel\u00e9n 10, Providencia, Santiago, Metropolitan Region (+56-2) 2236 4557 | Fax (+56-2) 2236 4558.  <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c2e380c jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"1c2e380c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3475f1bd jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3475f1bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/RIM-Ilustraciones-Ecuador.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-34551\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/RIM-Ilustraciones-Ecuador.png 300w, https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/RIM-Ilustraciones-Ecuador-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-224f949d jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"224f949d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74d67eb7 elementor-align-left elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"74d67eb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Ecuador: Czechoslovakia E9-95 between Switzerland and Moscow. Eveliza Plaza Building. Ground Floor. Quito. (+593-2) 5150144.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ad33dd1 jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"1ad33dd1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d05810a jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5d05810a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/RIM-Ilustraciones-Colombia.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-34552\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/RIM-Ilustraciones-Colombia.png 300w, https:\/\/rimisp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/RIM-Ilustraciones-Colombia-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6586991a jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"6586991a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8b7959 elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-left elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"f8b7959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">  Colombia: Carrera 9 No 72-61 Office 303. Bogot\u00e1.  (+57-1) 2073 850.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ab5d6e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"ab5d6e4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-51726a3 jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"51726a3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-649d400c elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"649d400c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:rimisp@rimisp.org\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">rimisp@rimisp.org<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72e54938 elementor-widget-divider--view-line jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"72e54938\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-618726aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"618726aa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d364e0a jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"1d364e0a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d272ede jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"2d272ede\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11731af elementor-view-default jltma-glass-effect-no elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"11731af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;bounceIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-animation-push\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ma_el_bg_slider elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-12167f3c jltma-glass-effect-no\" data-id=\"12167f3c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This report uses harmonised household and enterprise microdata from six Sub Saharan African countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda) and four Latin American countries (Chile, El Salvador, Mexico, Peru) to reassess the role of smallholders in agrifood transformation. 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